Radiographic evaluation of tracheal collapse in dogs by compressive technique / Avaliação radiográfica do colapso de traqueia em cães pela técnica compressiva

The purpose of this study was to verify the applicability of the compressive radiographic technique (pressures of 5, 10, 15 and 20mmHg) in the diagnosis of tracheal collapse in small breed dogs, in lateral cervicothoracic radiography. Out of the 50 dogs evaluated, 25 presented tracheal collapse (TG group), 23 did not present tracheal collapse (CG) and two were excluded because they did not tolerate a pressure of 20 mmHg. The TG group presented a smaller internal diameter of the trachea in the region of the fourth cervical vertebra (D4) and at the entrance of the thorax (TDE) compared to the CG group, in all the radiographic projections performed, as well as within the TG group where the compressive technique differed from conventional. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the clinical sign of coughing during cervical collar use and the presence of radiographic tracheal collapse at a pressure of 20 mmHg. It was concluded that the compressive radiographic technique was feasible and efficient in confirming the diagnosis of tracheal collapse in dogs, especially in the pressure of 20 mmHg, where it was associated with clinical signs, and can be used in isolation or complementary to the conventional technique.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a aplicabilidade da técnica radiográfica compressiva no diagnóstico do colapso de traqueia em cães de raças pequenas, por meio da comparação do diâmetro da traqueia durante a radiografia cervicotorácica lateral convencional e sobre influência da compressão externa com pressões de 5, 10, 15 e 20mmHg (técnica compressiva). Dos 50 cães avaliados, 25 apresentaram colapso de traqueia (grupo TG), 23 não apresentaram o colabamento traqueal (grupo controle - CG) e dois foram excluídos por não tolerarem a pressão de 20mmHg. Os diâmetros internos da traqueia na região da quarta vértebra cervical (D4) e na entrada do tórax (DET) foram menores no grupo TG em relação ao CG, em todas as projeções radiográficas realizadas, bem como dentro do grupo TG, no qual a técnica compressiva diferiu da convencional. Houve correlação entre o sinal clínico de tosse durante o uso de coleira cervical e a presença do colapso de traqueia radiográfico, na pressão de 20mmHg. Concluiu-se que a técnica radiográfica compressiva foi exequível e eficiente na confirmação do diagnóstico do colapso de traqueia em cães, especialmente na pressão de 20mmHg, em que houve associação com sinais clínicos, podendo ser utilizada de forma isolada ou complementar à técnica convencional.(AU)

Clinical and epidemiological studies on respiratory manifestations in sheep

2390 Living sheep of different ages [1-12 months], sexes and breeds [Braky-Rhmany-Baladi] were examined clinically in the field for investigation of the animals which suffered from signs of respiratory manifestation [nasal discharge [serous-mucoid-mucopurulent], rapid breathing, severe dyspenea, pyrexia [rectal temp 40-41 c]. congested mucous membranes, lacrimation, coughing and abnormal lung sound by auscultation. The study was carried out on [150] pneumonic lambs. The morbidity rate was 6.2% [150/2390], mortality rate was 7.4% and fatality rate was 19.3% [29/150]. Bacteriological examination revealed that [75] samples were positive for bacterial growth with percentages [50%] from previously affected sites of samples. In total out of [127] bacterial isolates. Concerning Gram positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus was 10 [6.7%], Streptococcus 8 [5.3%], Staphylococcus epidermidis 14[9.3%].while the gram negative bacteria were identified as E, coli 30 [20%] Proteus sp 28 [13.3%] Enterobacter sp 9 [6%] Klebseilla pneumoniae subsp pneumoniae 5 [3.4]% Klebseilla ozaenae 7 [4.7%], Citrobacter diversus 6 [4%], Pasteurella multocida 2 [1.3%], Providencia 2 [1.3%], Pseudomonas aerugenosa 14 [9.3%] isolated from the different examined collected samples. Bacteriological examination for [14] lung samples revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were isolated from two samples [14.2]% and other bacteria were Mannheimia haemolytica, Pseudomonas Aerugenosa, Enterobacter agglumerans, Haemophillus somuns every one of them were isolated from one sample [7.1%]. Only actinomyces pyogenes was isolated from three samples [21.3%]. The bacterial examination of lung samples showed that; all isolate were single such as actinomyces pyogens from two samples [14.2], mannheimia haemolytica, haemophillus somnus Enterobacter agglomerans, Staph .aureus every one of them was isolated from one samples [7.1]%. Except two isolates were isolated from mixed cultures; Escherichia coli +Actinomyces pyogenes and E.coli +Staph aureus .Every isolates was isolated from 1sample [7.1%]. Sensitivity test revealed that most isolates were highly sensitive to Enrofloxacin, Cephaloexine, and Ampicillin and were resistant to streptomycin